Effect of the temperature on surface modification of silica and properties of modified silica filled rubber composites

The modified silica at different temperature (MSaDT) with bis(3-triethoxysilylpropyl)tetrasulfide (TESPT), and MSaDT filled solution styrene butadiene rubber (SSBR) composites were prepared to investigate the effect of temperature on surface modification of silica. The results showed that TESPT was successfully bonded on the surface of silica by chemical bonds. The grafting degree (K) of MSaDT of 50 °C was 62.2% and higher than that at the other temperatures. The thermal weight loss and the size distribution of MSaDT showed that the silanol of TESPT hydrolysates reacted with the surface hydroxyl groups of silica, decreasing the average size and agglomeration of modified silica. For 50 °C modified silica/SSBR composite, the static mechanical properties and rubber–filler interaction of the composite were better than those of the others. As far as dynamic mechanical properties are concerned, the 50 °C modified silica/SSBR composite owned a best combination of low rolling resistance and high wet skid resistance.     

Wood based PLA and PP composites: Effect of fibre type and matrix polymer on fibre morphology,dispersion and composite properties

This study presents a comparison of the effect of various wood fibre types in polylactic acid and polypropylene composites produced by melt processing. The study also reveals the reinforcing effect of pelletised wood fibres compared to conventionally used wood flour or refined fibres. Composites containing 30 wt.% of chemical pulps, thermomechanical pulp and wood flour were produced by compounding and injection moulding. Fibre morphologies were analysed before and after melt processing. The dispersion of the fibres and mechanical performance of the composites were also investigated. Fibre length was reduced during melt processing steps, reduction being higher with longer fibres. Wood fibres provided clearly higher plastic reinforcement than wood flour. Comparing the wood fibre types, TMP fibres provided the highest improvement in mechanical properties in polylactic acid composites with uniform fibre dispersion. In polypropylene composites, fibre selection is not as crucial.     

氧气氧化法合成促进剂NS的工艺及其应用

试验研究氧气氧化法合成促进剂NS的工艺及其在不同胶料中的应用,并与次氯酸钠法合成的促进剂NS进行对比。结果表明：与次氯酸钠法合成的促进剂NS相比,氧气氧化法合成促进剂NS的各项理化性能相当,且均符合国家标准要求;胶料的焦烧时间略有延长,硫化速度变化不大;硫化胶的物理性能、耐磨性能和耐老化性能提高。     

Synthesis and ion responsiveness of optically active polyacetylenes containing salicylidene Schiff-base moieties

Acetylenic monomers containing salicylidene Schiff-base groups (1a and 1b) as well as Schiff-base and hydroxy groups (1c) were synthesized and polymerized with [(nbd)RhCl]₂/Et₃N catalyst to afford the corresponding polymers 2a–c with high molecular weights (M_n = 2.6–7.2 × 10⁵) in high yields (75–97%). Polarimetric, circular dichroism (CD), and UV–vis spectroscopic analyses indicated that the polymers formed helical structures with a predominantly one-handed screw sense. The addition of metal ions to salicylidene Schiff-base-containing polymers 2a and 2b produced insoluble polymer/metal complexes through ionic cross-linking as a result of salicylaldimine–metal ion complexation. Polymers 2b and 2c underwent a helix–coil transition upon the addition of HSO₄⁻, whereas these polymers did not exhibit responsiveness to other anions, such as F⁻, Cl⁻, and Br⁻.     

Dielectric and magnetic response of Fe3O4/epoxy composites

Magnetic and dielectric properties of Fe₃O₄/epoxy resin composites were studied as a function of Fe₃O₄ concentration. The Fe₃O₄ powder was milled using a planetary ball-mill in order to reduce the particle size. B.E.T. area of these particles was determined, and a structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Fe₃O₄/epoxy composites were prepared mixing the raw materials and pouring them into suitable moulds. Dielectric measurements were performed at different frequencies and temperatures, while magnetic properties were assessed at different temperatures. It was found that permittivity was strongly dependent on the filler concentration and frequency. Maxwell–Wagner–Sillars interfacial polarization, Intermediate Dipolar Polarization (IDE), and α relaxation process were responsible for the observed behavior. Magnetic measurements revealed the presence of magnetite nanoparticles in the composites, with a blocking temperature close to 170 K.     

Effect of temperature and moisture on electrical conductivity in polyaniline/polyurethane (PANI/PU) blends

Miscible blend of conductive polyaniline/polyurethane (PANI/PU) showed preferable electrical property at low percolation threshold compared to immiscible blend of PANI/polystyrene-isoprene-copolymer (PANI/SIS) and carbon black/PU composite (CB/PU). The time dependence of the electrical conductivity was investigated with these samples aged under different humidity and temperatures. The electrical conductivity of PANI/PU (11.5/88.5, v/v) decreased with aging time and the morphology changed with time in the coexistence of high moisture and high temperature. After the aging treatment, the film of the miscible blend was re-dissolved and re-cast. The morphology and electrical conductivity were found to recover to the same state as the original film. In addition, the recovery mechanism of the morphology and the conductivity was also proposed here.     

轮胎胎侧胶的耐老化性能及喷霜变色问题研究

研究3种防护蜡和防老剂4020对轮胎胎侧胶耐臭氧老化性能、耐天候老化性能、喷霜的影响。结果表明:在臭氧体积分数为5×10~(-7),试验温度为40℃条件下,3种防护蜡胶料均具有较好的耐臭氧老化性能;与普通蜡胶料相比,高温蜡胶料的耐天候老化性能较好,高性能蜡胶料的耐臭氧和耐天候老化性能最好;高性能蜡改善喷霜问题的效果最明显;选用适宜的防护蜡并用少量防老剂可以较大程度上改善胎侧胶表面变色泛彩问题,得到较理想的轮胎外观。     

白炭黑分散剂H60EF在白炭黑补强丁腈橡胶中的应用

研究白炭黑分散剂H60EF在白炭黑补强丁腈橡胶中的应用。结果表明:白炭黑分散剂H60EF能降低胶料的门尼粘度,改善白炭黑的分散性和胶料的加工性能,提高硫化胶的抗撕裂性能、耐磨性能和耐屈挠性能。     

Comparative study of the structure and microstructure of PAN-based nano- and micro-carbon fibers

The work presents results on the manufacture and comparative assessment of the structure and microstructure parameters of polyacrylonitrile polymer (PAN)-based carbon nano- and micro-fibers. Using the same polymer solution, PAN nano- and microfibers were obtained. The PAN nanofibers were obtained by electrospinning, and microfibers were spun using the conventional solution-spinning method. The PAN-based fiber precursors were annealed to 1000 °C, 2000 °C and to 2800 °C. Using X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy, the structural and microstructural parameters of both types of carbon fibers were examined. The morphology of PAN nanofibers and carbon nanofibers (CNF) were studied by SEM. Both types of ex-PAN carbon fibers (nano and micro) have similar the c-axis spacing (d₀₀₂) values and crystallite sizes after heat treatment to 2000 °C presenting turbostratic structure. HR-TEM images of low temperature CNF show uniform microstructure with the misoriented small carbon crystallites along the fiber axis. The ratio of the integrated intensities of the D and G peaks for carbon nanofibers after heat treatment at 2000 °C was distinctly higher in comparison to carbon microfibers (CF). After additional annealing the fibers to 2800 °C a better structural ordering show CNF. The crystallite sizes (L_c, L_a) in CNF were distinctly higher in comparison to the crystallites in CF. CF consist of two carbon components, whereas CNF contain three carbon components varying in structural and microstructural parameters. One of carbon phases in CNF was found to have the interlayer spacing close to graphite, i.e. d₀₀₂=0.335 nm.     

以双四氢糠丙烷为极性调节剂的苯乙烯-异戊二烯-丁二烯三元共聚动力学(英文)

以正丁基锂为引发剂,双四氢糠丙烷为极性调节剂,己烷/环己烷混合溶剂为溶剂,采用负离子聚合法进行苯乙烯-异戊二烯-丁二烯集成橡胶的三元共聚合,研究了反应温度和调节剂用量对苯乙烯、异戊二烯、丁二烯3种单体聚合反应动力学的影响。结果表明,随着温度升高及双四氢糠丙烷用量的增加,各单体的表观反应速率逐渐增加;随着双四氢糠丙烷用量的增加,表观增长反应活化能和频率因子逐渐减小;在同一条件下,单体的表观增长反应速率常数由大到小依次为丁二烯、苯乙烯和异戊二烯。